BILINGUAL COMMUNITY

  In works of old, high-fantasy or historic fiction one may have chanced across the strange words: thou, thee, thy, thine and ye. Whilst most people understand the jist of the words (that they all refer to people), the way each is to be correctly (formally) deployed is somewhat more difficult. In Old English, we had: Thou = 2nd person singular subject (like du in German) Ye = 2nd person plural subject (like ihr in German) Thee = 2nd person singular object (like dich in German) You = 2nd person plural object (like euch in German) Thou = you when the subject (“Thou liketh writing.”) Thee = you when the object (“Writing liketh thee.”) Thy = your possessive form of you. (“Thy blade well serves thee.”) Thine = your possessive form of you, typically used before a noun. (“Thine writing smacks of mastery.” or, “The writing is thine.” — thy own can be used in place of thine to similar effect) Ye = you all | all of you used when referring to a group of people (“Ye fools!”) In Middle Engl

   In rhetoric, anthimeria or antimeria (from the Greek: ἀντί, antí, "against, opposite" and μέρος, méros, "part"), is using one part of speech as another, such as using a noun as a verb: "The little old lady turtled along the road." In linguistics, this is called conversion; when a noun becomes a verb, it is a denominal verb, when a verb becomes a noun, it is a deverbal noun.    In English, many nouns have become verbs. For example, the noun "book" is now often used as a verb, as in the example "Let's book the flight". Other noun-as-verb usages include "I can keyboard that for you," "We need to scissor expenses," and "Desk him." Other substitutions could include an adjective used as a noun, as in "She dove into the foaming wet," interjection as verb, as in "Don't aha me!" a verb as a noun, as in "Help! I need some eat!" and so on.    Anthimeria is common in English. Fo

     A  cognate  is a  word  that is related in  origin  to another word, such as the English word  brother  and the German word  bruder  or the English word  history  and the Spanish word  historia . The words were derived from the same source; thus, they are cognates (like cousins tracing their ancestry). Because they come from the same origin, cognates have similar  meanings  and often similar  spellings  in two different  languages .  "Cognates are often derived from Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian) that have their origins in Latin, although some are derived from other language families (e.g., Germanic)," noted Patricia F. Vadasy and J. Ron Nelson in their book "Vocabulary Instruction for Struggling Students" (Guilford Press, 2012).                     EXAMPLES:        night: nui  (French),  noche  (Spanish),  Nacht  (German),  nacht  (Dutch),  natt  (Swedish, Norwegian); root: Indo-European,  nókʷt constipated: constipado  (Spanish); root (stem): La